La estructura básica del afirmativo del pasado simple: (somebody=alguien; somewhere-algún sitio; something=algo)
| I | liked | somebody. | Alguien me gustó. | |
| You | got | something. | Cogistes algo. (tú) | |
| He | needed | something. | Necesitó algo. (él) | |
| She | had | something. | Tuvo algo. (ella) | |
| It | went | somewhere. | Fue a algún sitio. | |
| You | wrote | something. | Escribisteis algo. (vosotros) | |
| We | walked | somewhere. | Caminamos a algún sitio. | |
| They | did | something. | Hicieron algo. (ellos) |
Nota: Con el pasado simple afirmativo se utiliza la forma "pasado simple" del verbo ("no" el infinitivo). Dentro de esta forma, hay dos tipos de verbos: los verbos regulares y los verbos irregulares.
Verbos Regulares:
Estos son verbos como "walk" (andar), "talk" (hablar), "rate" (categorizar), "raise" (levantar), "hate" (odiar), "help" (ayudar), "like" (gustar), "want" (querer), "raid" (asaltar, redar), "last" (durar), "gore" (cornear), "wash" (lavar), "ask" (preguntar), "work" (trabajar), "show" (mostrar), "use" (usar), "look" (mirar a un objeto fijo), "watch" (mirar a una actividad en progreso), "listen" (escuchar), etc. Para hacer el "pasado simple" de estos verbos, simplemente hay que añadir la terminación "ed" a su infinitivo. Por ejemplo, el pasado simple de "walk" es "walked", "talk" = "talked", "rate" = "rated", "raise" = "raised", "hate" = hated", "help" = "helped", "like" = "liked", "want" = "wanted", "last" = "lasted", "gore" = "gored", "wash" = "washed", "ask" = "asked", "work" = "worked", "show" = "showed", "use" = "used", "look" = "looked", "watch" = "watched", "listen" = "listened", "interview" = "interviewed", "play" = "played", "beg" = "begged", "move" = "moved", "push" = "pushed", "present" = "presented", etc.
Verbos Irregulares:
Con los verbos irregulares ya no es cuestión de añadir simplemente una terminación (como "ed" en el pasado simple). El verbo puede cambiar completamente de forma y no queda más remedio que memorizarlo. (¡Menos mal que tampoco hay tantas!) Entre los verbos irregulares hay verbos como: "find" (encontrar), "get" (coger), "give" (dar), "come" (venir), "go" (ir), "have" (tener), "know" (saber), "put" (poner), "read" (leer), "say" (decir), "see" (ver), "write" (escirbir), "take" (llevar), "think" (pensar), "make" (hacer), "do" (hacer), etc. Por ejemplo, el pasado simple de "find" es "found", "get" = "got", "give" = "gave", "come" = "came", "go" = "went", "have" = "had", "know" = "knew", "put" = "put", "read" = "read", "say" = "said", "see" = "saw", "write" = "wrote", "take" = "took", "think" = "thought", "make" = "made", "do" = "did", etc.
Nota:La forma del verbo en el pasado simple no cambia cuando se utiliza "he, she, it" o cuando se habla en "tercera persona."
La estructura básica del negativo del pasado simple:
sujeto auxiliar verbo I didn't like somebody. Alguien no me gustó. You didn't get something. No cogistes algo. (tú) He didn't need something. No necesitó algo. (él) She didn't have something. No tuvo algo. (ella) It didn't go somewhere. No fue a ningún sitio. You didn't write something. No escribisteis algo. We didn't have something. No tuvimos algo. They didn't do something. No hicieron algo. (ellos) Nota: Forma contraida: "didn't" = "did not".
Nota: En las oraciones negativas en pasado simple el verbo va en infinitivo. La razón de esto es que el auxilar "did" ya comunica por si mismo que la oración está en pasado simple y cambiar la forma del verbo sería redundante.
La estructura básica del interrogativo del pasado simple: (anywhere = alguna o cualquier parte, anybody = cualquiera, alguien, anything = cualquier cosa, algo)
| Did | I | know | you? | ¿Te conocí? | |
| Did | you | work? | ¿Trabajaste? | ||
| Did | he | write | anything? | ¿Escribió algo? | |
| Did | she | go | anywhere? | ¿Fué a algún sitio? | |
| Did | it | work? | ¿Funcionó? | ||
| Did | you | understand? | ¿Entendisteis? | ||
| Did | we | need | anything? | ¿Necesitabamos algo? | |
| Did | they | like | anybody? | ¿Les cayó bien alguien? |
Nota: En las oraciones interrogativas en pasado simple el verbo va en infinitivo.
Nota: La palabra "some" y "any" a veces significan lo mismo. La principal diferencia es que "some" se suele utilizar para afirmativas y "any" para negativas y interrogativas.
| | |||||||
| | I did not. (didn't) | ||||||
| | you did not. (didn't) | ||||||
| | he did not. (didn't) | ||||||
| | she did not. (didn't) | ||||||
| | it did not. (didn't) | ||||||
| | we did not. (didn't) | ||||||
| | you did not. (didn't) | ||||||
| | they did not. (didn't) |
pasado simple
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